
Biological Control of pests requires active human role. Here reduction of pest population is made effective by natural enemies. These natural enemies of insect pests are called biological control agents. They include predators, parasitoids and pathogens.
Predators are such species which consume a large number of preys during their life span that are lady beetles and lace wings. Parasitoids finally kill the host. Their immature stage develops on or within that single host and most have a very narrow host range for example wasps and flies. Pathogens are organisms which cause diseases for example bacteria, fungi, viruses. They also kill the host.
Biological control strategies are basically of three types- Conservation, Classical Biological Control and Augmentation.
Home owners and gardeners find conservation of natural enemies very easy. It is the most readily available method to control pests these days. They are present everywhere and are adapted to local environment. As such their conservation is very easy. Since biological controls are also harmed by the same pesticides used to target their hosts, prevention of such accidents should be taken care of. Such prevention is called simple conservation.
Classical Biological Control is usually done by government authorities. It is done by introducing natural enemies to a new locality where they do not belong or occur naturally. This process is inexpensive and long lasting.
Augmentation involves the controlled release of natural enemies. Relatively less natural enemies will be released at a critical season or millions of them will be released as per the need.
You should do a lot of research before using any type of pest control methods. Every method has it’s own advantages and disadvantages. The method should be selected according to the needs of the household. It is a good idea to spend some time online before you take a new step.
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August 9th, 2009
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Population biology is a study of biological populations of organisms, especially in terms of biodiversity, evolution, and environmental biology. The term population biology is often used interchangeably with population ecology, although the term with biology is more frequently used when studying diseases, viruses, and microbes, and the term with ecology is used more frequently when studying plants and animals.
Population ecology (aka. autecology) is a major sub-field of ecology that deals with the dynamics of species populations and how these populations interact with the environment. The more significant level of organization of a species is a population, because at this level the species gene pool is most coherent.
Synecology is the study of groups of organisms in relation to the environment, or community ecology. Synecology should be divided into population ecology, community ecology, and ecosystem ecology, defining autecology as essentially "species ecology." "Species ecology"—studies emphasizing life history and behavior as adaptations to the environment of individual organisms or species is one of four sub-divisions of ecology.
The development of the field of population ecology owes much to the science of demography and the use of actuarial life tables. Population ecology has also played an important role in the development of the field of conservation biology especially in the development of population viability analysis (PVA) which makes it possible to predict the long-term probability of a species persisting in a given habitat patch (e.g., a national park).
While essentially a subfield of biology, population ecology provides many interesting problems for mathematicians and statisticians, which work mainly in the study of population dynamics.